Spina Bifida
Congenital spinal malformation with neural tube closure defect. Early and long-term physiotherapy management.
Spina Bifida
Spina bifida is a congenital malformation resulting from a neural tube closure defect during the first weeks of pregnancy. Its most severe form, myelomeningocele, affects approximately 1 in 2,500 births in Europe (EUROCAT). The degree of disability depends on the lesion level: the higher the spinal cord lesion, the greater the motor and sensory deficits.
Pediatric physiotherapy is a cornerstone of lifelong management. Goals include: maintaining joint range of motion, preventing orthopedic deformities (feet, hips, spine), strengthening preserved muscles, early verticalization and gait training with orthotic devices when possible (Liptak & El Samra, Pediatric Clinics of North America, 2010). Bladder rehabilitation and skin management (pressure sore prevention) complement the therapeutic program.
Care is multidisciplinary (neurosurgeon, orthopedist, urologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist) and lifelong. In Luxembourg, follow-up is coordinated with specialized services and fully covered by the CNS.
Signs and characteristics
- Motor and sensory deficit of the lower limbs (variable)
- Frequent bladder and sphincter disorders
- Risk of secondary orthopedic deformities
Physiotherapy assessment
Assessment is individualised. It considers the observed characteristics, the child's history and comfort, and the family's goals. It does not replace a medical diagnosis.
Physiotherapy care
- Neuromotor rehabilitation adapted to lesion level
- Prevention of contractures and deformities
- Verticalization and gait aids (orthotic devices)
- Muscle strengthening and functional training
Indicative duration: Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up
Home Exercises and Tips
- Practice the exercises shown by the physiotherapist
- Follow the recommended positioning for your baby
- Perform nasal washes if prescribed
- Stimulate motor development through play
Frequently asked questions
What signs may be observed?
Motor and sensory deficit of the lower limbs (variable) Frequent bladder and sphincter disorders Risk of secondary orthopedic deformities
What can physiotherapy offer?
Neuromotor rehabilitation adapted to lesion level Prevention of contractures and deformities Verticalization and gait aids (orthotic devices) Muscle strengthening and functional training
How long does support last?
Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up