Congenital Torticollis
Retraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle causing head tilting. Early treatment is essential.
Congenital Torticollis
Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the third most common congenital musculoskeletal anomaly, affecting up to 16% of newborns (Kaplan et al., Pediatrics, 2013). It results from unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, causing head tilt to the affected side and rotation to the opposite side.
Pediatric physiotherapy is the first-line treatment. Studies show that 95% of cases resolve completely when treatment begins before 3 months of age, including gentle stretching, active repositioning, and cervical rotation stimulation toward the opposite side. Parent guidance for daily home exercises is essential.
Torticollis is always associated with positional plagiocephaly. In Luxembourg, neonatal physiotherapy is fully covered by the CNS on medical prescription.
Signs and characteristics
- Head tilted to one side and turned to the other
- Palpable nodule in muscle (fibromatosis colli)
- Always associated with plagiocephaly
- Detection in the first weeks of life
Physiotherapy assessment
Assessment is individualised. It considers the observed characteristics, the child's history and comfort, and the family's goals. It does not replace a medical diagnosis.
Physiotherapy care
- Gentle stretching of the retracted muscle
- Positioning and carrying advice
- Stimulation of rotation toward the opposite side
- Home exercises for parents
Indicative duration: 4 to 12 weeks (depending on timing)
Home Exercises and Tips
- Practice the exercises shown by the physiotherapist
- Follow the recommended positioning for your baby
- Perform nasal washes if prescribed
- Stimulate motor development through play
Frequently asked questions
What signs may be observed?
Head tilted to one side and turned to the other Palpable nodule in muscle (fibromatosis colli) Always associated with plagiocephaly Detection in the first weeks of life
What can physiotherapy offer?
Gentle stretching of the retracted muscle Positioning and carrying advice Stimulation of rotation toward the opposite side Home exercises for parents
How long does support last?
4 to 12 weeks (depending on timing)